GLP-1s can come with side effects. Here are tips from our nutritionist team to handle them:
Nausea:
- Why it Occurs: GLP-1 agonists slow down stomach emptying, which can lead to nausea as food remains in the stomach longer.
- When it Typically Occurs: Most commonly during the first few weeks of treatment and during dose increases.
- How to Handle It:
- Start with a low dose and gradually increase it.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
- Avoid high-fat and fried foods.
- When to See a Provider: If nausea persists beyond the first month or becomes severe.
Vomiting:
- Why it Occurs: Vomiting can result from nausea and the body’s response to slowed gastric emptying caused by GLP-1 agonists.
- When it Typically Occurs: Often in the first few weeks of starting the medication.
- How to Handle It:
- Stay hydrated by sipping water.
- Go for for smaller meal portions instead of larger meals.
- When to See a Provider: If vomiting is frequent, persistent, or leads to dehydration.
Diarrhea:
- Why it Occurs: GLP-1 agonists can alter gut motility, which may lead to diarrhea.
- When it Typically Occurs: Intermittently throughout treatment, more common in the early stages.
- How to Handle It:
- Stay hydrated with water and electrolyte-rich fluids.
- Follow a bland diet (BRAT: bananas, rice, applesauce, toast) until symptoms improve.
- Avoid dairy products and high-fat foods.
- When to See a Provider: If diarrhea persists or severe dehydration occurs.
Constipation:
- Why it Occurs: Slowing of the digestive system can lead to constipation in some people.
- When it Typically Occurs: Often noticed after treatment is started.
- How to Handle It:
- Increase fiber intake, including both soluble and insoluble fiber.
- Stay hydrated.
- Engage in regular physical activity.
- When to See a Provider: If constipation lasts over a week or is accompanied by severe abdominal pain.
Fatigue:
- Why it Occurs: Fatigue can occur from dehydration, nutritional deficiencies, or the body’s adjustment to blood sugar effects.
- When it Typically Occurs: At any stage of treatment, depending on diet and nutrient intake.
- How to Handle It:
- Eat nutrient-dense foods, avoid skipping meals.
- Prioritize sleep and stress management.
- When to See a Provider: If fatigue persists or worsens.
Headaches:
- Why it Occurs: Headaches can be triggered by dehydration, blood sugar fluctuations, or stress as your body adapts to the medication.
- When it Typically Occurs: Early weeks of treatment or during dose adjustments.
- How to Handle It:
- Stay hydrated.
- Monitor your blood sugar levels if advised by your healthcare provider
- Consider over-the-counter pain relief if needed, but consult with your provider first.
- When to See a Provider: If headaches are severe, persistent, or accompanied by other usual symptoms like vision changes.
Muscle Loss:
- Why it Occurs: Weight loss from GLP-1 agonists can include loss of muscle mass, especially if protein intake and physical activity are inadequate.
- When it Typically Occurs: Can start as early as in the first few months of treatment, especially during rapid weight loss phases.
- How to Handle It:
- Engage in strength training exercises to help preserve muscle mass.
- Ensure adequate protein intake, focusing on lean protein sources.
- Consider discussing with a dietitian or nutritionist to tailor your diet plan.
- When to See a Provider: If significant loss of muscle tone or muscle weakness occurs.
Bone Loss:
- Why it Occurs: Rapid weight loss and reduced nutrient intake may contribute to bone density loss.
- When it Typically Occurs: more likely to become a concern after several months of treatment, especially if dietary calcium and vitamin D intake are low.
- How to Handle It:
- Increase calcium-rich foods and vitamin D intake.
- Engage in weight-bearing exercises to strengthen bone.
- When to See a Provider: If you experience bone pain or have a have a history of osteopenia or osteoporosis.
